C. m. monedula is a fairly common breeder in human settlements and lowland grasslands also. Mainly breeds in human buildings but occupies Red-footed Falcon nestboxes, too. Resident or partly resident. The trend of the breeding population is uncertain between 1999 and 2018 (?0.1 ± 7.2%). C. m. soemmerringii is a regular winter visitor, often associated with groups of Rooks. C. m. spermologus is a very rare vagrant with three accepted records from the 1930s.